Flt-3 ligand (Flt-3L) is a hematopoietic cytokine whose activities are mediated by binding to the transmembrane glycoprotein Flt-3. Flt-3L is structurally related to MCSF and SCF. All three cytokines have been shown to exist both as type I transmembrane proteins and as soluble proteins. The predominant human Flt-3L isoform is a transmembrane protein that can undergo proteolytic cleavage to generate a soluble form of the protein. An alternatively-spliced Flt-3L mRNA, encoding a soluble form of the human FLT-3L, has also been identified. Flt-3L is widely expressed in various human and mouse tissues. Human FLT-3 ligand is active on mouse cells. Flt-3L has been shown to synergize with a wide variety of hematopoietic cytokines to stimulate the growth and differentiation of early hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, Flt-3L controls the development of DCs and is particularly important for plasmacytoid DCs and CD8-positive classical DCs and their CD103-positive tissue counterparts.

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