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Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a member of the common-gamma chain family of cytokines with immunoregulatory activity. IL-21 plays a role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses by inducing the differentiation, proliferation and activity of multiple target cells including macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells and cytotoxic T cells. IL-21 is produced by CD4+ T cells in response to antigenic stimulation. Its action generally enhances antigen-specific responses of immune cells. IL-21 exerts its effect through binding to a specific type I cytokine receptor, IL-21R, which also contains the gamma chain (γc) found in other cytokine receptors. The IL-21R activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and is expressed on T, B, and NK cells. Within the B cell lineage, IL-21 is a switch factor regulating IgG1 and IgG3 antibody production. IL-21 also cooperates with IL-4 for the production of multiple antibody classes in B cells.
Made without animal-derived components in an animal-free facility.
ED50 < 50 ng/ml, determined by dose-dependent proliferation of B9 cells.ED50 < 2.0 ng/ml, determined by dose-dependent proliferation of ANBL-6 cells.
> 2.0 × 104 U/mg, determined by dose-dependent proliferation of B9 cells.> 5.0 × 105 U/mg, determined by dose-dependent proliferation of ANBL-6 cells.